基于动量BP神经网络的确定掩护重点问题研究

确定掩护重点是地面防空作战的一个重点和难点问题。通过分析影响确定掩护重点问题的主要因素,建立评价指标体系,利用动量BP神经网络解决了确定掩护重点的评价模型,并采用MATLAB6.5的神经网络工具箱进行仿真实现。方法较好地降低主观误差,为确定被掩护目标重要性排序和兵力分配提供了依据。通过对BP算法的改进,减少了误差,提高了学习速度。模型思路清晰,算法简单实用,较好地解决了防空兵辅助决策系统智能确定掩护重点目标的问题。     

Case‐based reasoning and improved adaptive search for project scheduling

Most scheduling problems are notoriously intractable, so the majority of algorithms for them are heuristic in nature. Priority rule‐based methods still constitute the most important class of these heuristics. Of these, in turn, parametrized biased random sampling methods have attracted particular interest, due to the fact that they outperform all other priority rule‐based methods known. Yet, even the “best” such algorithms are unable to relate to the full range of instances of a problem: Usually there will exist instances on which other algorithms do better. We maintain that asking for the one best algorithm for a problem may be asking too much. The recently proposed concept of control schemes, which refers to algorithmic schemes allowing to steer parametrized algorithms, opens up ways to refine existing algorithms in this regard and improve their effectiveness considerably. We extend this approach by integrating heuristics and case‐based reasoning (CBR), an approach that has been successfully used in artificial intelligence applications. Using the resource‐constrained project scheduling problem as a vehicle, we describe how to devise such a CBR system, systematically analyzing the effect of several criteria on algorithmic performance. Extensive computational results validate the efficacy of our approach and reveal a performance similar or close to state‐of‐the‐art heuristics. In addition, the analysis undertaken provides new insight into the behaviour of a wide class of scheduling heuristics. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 201–222, 2000     

A metaheuristic scheduling procedure for resource-constrained projects with cash flows

Resource-constrained project scheduling problems with cash flows (RCPSPCF) are complex, combinatorial optimization problems. Many heuristics have been reported in the literature that produce reasonable schedules in limited project environments. However, the lack of a heuristic that dominates under differing project conditions can lead to a suboptimal choice of an appropriate heuristic for scheduling any given project. This may result in poor schedules and monetary losses. This paper reports on the application of the tabu search metaheuristic procedure for the RCPSPCF. Strategies for neighborhood generation and candidate selection that exploit the special features of the problem are combined with a simple multiheuristic start procedure. Extensive experimentation, with multiple data sets and comparison with an upper bound, indicates a significant improvement, both in project Net Present Value (NPV) as well as the number of projects, where the metaheuristic outperforms the best known heuristics in the literature. More specifically, this procedure produces the best schedules in over 85% of the projects tested, in contrast to the best single-pass heuristics which have been shown to dominate in at most 20% of the same cases. This iterative, general purpose heuristic is able to adapt significantly better to the complex interactions of the many critical parameters of the RCPSPCF than single-pass heuristics that use more specific information about each project environment. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 912–927, 1999     

实验课课堂教学有效性的组织策略

本文从教学的有效性理论出发，通过分析，给出了在实验课课堂教学中实行滚动式、分层次教学的可行性分析，给出了具体的组织管理细节。讨论了以实验课为试点的优势及其可行性方案。     

建筑防排烟系统存在问题及对策

结合火灾烟气蔓延扩散的客观规律和防排烟工程的实际状况，分析了建筑防排烟工程存在的几个共性问题及其危害，剖析了出现这些问题的根本原因，提出了尽快制定一部统一的《防排烟系统设计规范》、加强防排烟系统的设计、施工队伍监督管理和部件质量管理的对策。     

武器装备可用性设计对寿命周期费用的影响及控制

可用性设计是装备综合保障分析的重要内容.合适的可用度指标不但要满足装备效能要求,还应满足费用约束条件.为了设计并选择出费效比最高的保障方案,研究了可用性设计对装备寿命周期费用的影响,提出了运用可用度门限值来控制寿命周期费用的方法,并举例说明具体的应用.最后,就保障性设计中的费用权衡问题提出了几点建议.     

装备项目型供应链风险控制策略

项目型供应链管理模式能有效实现装备研制过程中行为主体间的优势互补和资源的优化配置,利于供应链整体效益的提高,但各种不确定性因素会导致主体间风险传递行为的发生。为提供风险控制有效对策,通过考虑节点位置重要度和属性重要度,构建了项目型供应链节点重要度评估模型;通过衡量行为主体风险识别和风险控制的努力程度,给出了行为主体抗风险努力程度的评价方法,最后提出了一种基于节点重要度和抗风险努力程度的项目型供应链利益分配策略,该策略能有效促使行为主体主动进行风险识别和风险控制,是一种"风险共担、利益共享"的项目型供应链合作博弈策略。     

试验方案评价的密切值方法及软件实现

分析了试验方案评价的要素和特点,针对试验方案评价决策中指标众多、指标层次划分困难、指标权重难以确定等问题,引入密切值模型的评价方法,并分析密切值模型的计算过程;基于MFC类库和VC开发环境,开发了密切值决策评价软件;给出试验方案密切值决策评价的应用案例,对软件进行测试,软件运行稳定,所得结果与理论分析一致.     

提高本科生毕业设计质量的方法探讨

本文阐明了提高本科生毕业设计质量的必要性，通过对影响本科生毕业设计质量的原因分析，提出了提高质量的具体方法。对毕业设计组织与管理工作，保证毕业设计的质量提高有重要指导意义。     

建筑工程消防备案存在的问题及解决对策

消防备案在当前消防行政许可中所占比例日益增加。结合日常工作实际,分析了当前建筑工程消防备案在法律法规层面、监督管理层面和具体操作层面存在的问题,提出了解决建筑工程消防备案问题的对策和建议。